cumulative, + 0.11 m

compensating, ± 0.11 m

cumulative, - 0.11 m

none of these

the vertical circle is usually continuous from 0° to 359°

the readings increase when the telescope is elevated in the face left position

the readings decrease when the telescope is elevated in the face right position

all the above.

offsets from tangents are required

offsets from chord produced are required

offsets from long chord are required

none of these.

for production of accurate maps of wide areas

for developing the science of geodesy

making use of most accurate instruments and methods of observation

all the above.

13.75 m

3.44 m

1375 m

none of these.